Thomas Jefferson referred to the First Amendment as creating a “wall of separation” between church and state as the third president of the U.S. U.S. Supreme Court Justice Hugo Black famously stated in Everson v. Board of Education that “[t]he First Amendment has erected a wall between church and state,” and “[t]hat wall must be kept high and impregnable.” This two-hour seminar will look at the origins of “the wall of separation” as well as its supporters and critics.